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Voltage profile regulation in LV distribution systems by means of OLTC equipped distribution transformer and series transformers based on distributed monitoring data
Hála, Tomáš ; Topolánek, David (referee) ; Drápela, Jiří (advisor)
This diploma thesis discusses two major topics. The first one is the control size of the voltage in LV networks in regard to the increase in distributed generation concered to renewable energy sources. The study contains a review focused on the current state of low voltagegrid followed by a proposal for the solution of the oncoming state. The solution is identified as a deploying OLTC distribution transformer. In the case of more complex topology is deployed a series voltage transformer. Both methods are part of the Smart Grid. The thesis also analyzes the issue of the data measurement and data transmission. The second part of the thesis consists of the description of selected control strategies and their simulations. The design of individual system elements in the PSCAD is described. From these elements, a test network was constructed and tested the individual simulation scenarios.
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Change of voltage at LV terminals of a MV/LV power distribution transformer caused by changes in its load
Jandora, Jiří ; Bátora, Branislav (referee) ; Blažek, Vladimír (advisor)
The thesis deals with the use of distribution transformers, their integration into the electrical network, their properties, and principles and means of regulation according to changes in load. The introductory chapter is devoted mainly to the theoretical background concerning the functioning of the transformers. Even though it is not the focus of this thesis, a brief summary of their structure will be provided because it is presumed that not all the readers are familiar with this particular electrical network block and thus they should be explained how the transformer works. Then the ways of transformer regulation will be outlined. In the theoretical part, the important point for the reader is the substitution of the transformer by two-port network i.e. the equivalent circuit. The two-port network is a substitution of the connection properties by simple electric elements, which are not so problematic for further use. When dealing with the two-port networks in the chosen equivalent circuit, Blondel’s constants will be used. Blondel’s constants facilitate working with the basic network invariables of the circuit such as amperage, voltage and power. The second part of the thesis is devoted to solving a problem that involves the use of distribution transformers. The problem is as follows: there is a manufacturing plant with three transformers, each of them having rated power and nominal transformation ratio. The manufacturing plant is supplied by HV three-phase line with rated voltage and parameters given by the distribution point, where constant voltage is maintained. The task is to determine in what ways the voltage of the low voltage terminals of the transformers will change when changing the power from idling circuit to the rated load. The power factor should be constant. The method for solving this task has already been outlined in the theoretical part. The results are summed up in a simple chart completed with diagrams, which concisely describe the result of the research.
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Ground Fault Location in Compensated Distribution Network
Topolánek, David ; Janíček,, František (referee) ; Mišák,, Stanislav (referee) ; Toman, Petr (advisor)
The most widespread system of an earthing neutral point of a supply transformer in a MV network is an earthing through an arc-suppression coil. In this case of a resonant-earthed power system a fault current is compensated by the suppression coil and only residual current flows through a fault point. A value of the residual current is much smaller then a value of an original capacitive current of the network and is not dependent on the fault location. According to that reasons it is really complicated to fast and accurately determine the fault point location. Since nowadays used methods for the ground fault location inside wide distribution networks have a lot of disadvantages, the thesis is focused on a proposal of a new method for the ground fault location especially inside of a compensated network. The main reasons for a consecutive installation of power quality meters into distribution transformer substations are a power quality monitoring and a global evolution of an electrical network onto the “SmartGrids”. In case that all results from the meters are properly synchronized and centralized, new possibilities of control or of an evaluation of a network are enabled. This doctoral thesis proposes the possibility for the ground fault detection with an aid of synchronized records recorded on the low-voltage side of the distribution transformers 22/0.4 kV into the network equipped with automatics for short-time increasing of an active part of a faulty current. The described method uses a voltage drop evoked by connecting of the auxiliary resistor for location of the faulty section. The proposed method is tested with help of numerical model which presents a part of the distribution network Series of simulation are executed and correct function and force function of the method is reviewed. Finally the thesis describes real experiment and also a confrontation between simulation and real measuring, and also possibilities of method usage are commented.
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Voltage profile regulation in LV distribution systems by means of OLTC equipped distribution transformer and series transformers based on distributed monitoring data
Hála, Tomáš ; Topolánek, David (referee) ; Drápela, Jiří (advisor)
This diploma thesis discusses two major topics. The first one is the control size of the voltage in LV networks in regard to the increase in distributed generation concered to renewable energy sources. The study contains a review focused on the current state of low voltagegrid followed by a proposal for the solution of the oncoming state. The solution is identified as a deploying OLTC distribution transformer. In the case of more complex topology is deployed a series voltage transformer. Both methods are part of the Smart Grid. The thesis also analyzes the issue of the data measurement and data transmission. The second part of the thesis consists of the description of selected control strategies and their simulations. The design of individual system elements in the PSCAD is described. From these elements, a test network was constructed and tested the individual simulation scenarios.
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Ground Fault Location in Compensated Distribution Network
Topolánek, David ; Janíček,, František (referee) ; Mišák,, Stanislav (referee) ; Toman, Petr (advisor)
The most widespread system of an earthing neutral point of a supply transformer in a MV network is an earthing through an arc-suppression coil. In this case of a resonant-earthed power system a fault current is compensated by the suppression coil and only residual current flows through a fault point. A value of the residual current is much smaller then a value of an original capacitive current of the network and is not dependent on the fault location. According to that reasons it is really complicated to fast and accurately determine the fault point location. Since nowadays used methods for the ground fault location inside wide distribution networks have a lot of disadvantages, the thesis is focused on a proposal of a new method for the ground fault location especially inside of a compensated network. The main reasons for a consecutive installation of power quality meters into distribution transformer substations are a power quality monitoring and a global evolution of an electrical network onto the “SmartGrids”. In case that all results from the meters are properly synchronized and centralized, new possibilities of control or of an evaluation of a network are enabled. This doctoral thesis proposes the possibility for the ground fault detection with an aid of synchronized records recorded on the low-voltage side of the distribution transformers 22/0.4 kV into the network equipped with automatics for short-time increasing of an active part of a faulty current. The described method uses a voltage drop evoked by connecting of the auxiliary resistor for location of the faulty section. The proposed method is tested with help of numerical model which presents a part of the distribution network Series of simulation are executed and correct function and force function of the method is reviewed. Finally the thesis describes real experiment and also a confrontation between simulation and real measuring, and also possibilities of method usage are commented.
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Change of voltage at LV terminals of a MV/LV power distribution transformer caused by changes in its load
Jandora, Jiří ; Bátora, Branislav (referee) ; Blažek, Vladimír (advisor)
The thesis deals with the use of distribution transformers, their integration into the electrical network, their properties, and principles and means of regulation according to changes in load. The introductory chapter is devoted mainly to the theoretical background concerning the functioning of the transformers. Even though it is not the focus of this thesis, a brief summary of their structure will be provided because it is presumed that not all the readers are familiar with this particular electrical network block and thus they should be explained how the transformer works. Then the ways of transformer regulation will be outlined. In the theoretical part, the important point for the reader is the substitution of the transformer by two-port network i.e. the equivalent circuit. The two-port network is a substitution of the connection properties by simple electric elements, which are not so problematic for further use. When dealing with the two-port networks in the chosen equivalent circuit, Blondel’s constants will be used. Blondel’s constants facilitate working with the basic network invariables of the circuit such as amperage, voltage and power. The second part of the thesis is devoted to solving a problem that involves the use of distribution transformers. The problem is as follows: there is a manufacturing plant with three transformers, each of them having rated power and nominal transformation ratio. The manufacturing plant is supplied by HV three-phase line with rated voltage and parameters given by the distribution point, where constant voltage is maintained. The task is to determine in what ways the voltage of the low voltage terminals of the transformers will change when changing the power from idling circuit to the rated load. The power factor should be constant. The method for solving this task has already been outlined in the theoretical part. The results are summed up in a simple chart completed with diagrams, which concisely describe the result of the research.
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